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Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a South American country, second in size in the continent to Brazil and eighth in the world. Argentina occupies a continental surface area of 2,766,890 km2 between the Andes mountain range in the west and the southern Atlantic Ocean in the east and south.

It is bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia in the north, Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast, and Chile in the west and south. The country claims the British controlled territories of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
Under the name of Argentine Antarctica, it claims 969,464 km2 of Antarctica, overlapping other claims made by Chile and the United Kingdom.

Argentina is nearly 3,700 km long from north to south, and 1,400 km from east to west. It can roughly be divided into four parts: the fertile plains of the Pampas in the center of the country, the source of Argentina's agricultural wealth; the flat to rolling, oil-rich plateau of Patagonia in the southern half down to Tierra del Fuego; the subtropical flats of the Gran Chaco in the north, and the rugged Andes mountain range along the western border with Chile.

The country has a territorial claim over a portion of Antarctica, where, from 1904, it has maintained a constant presence.
The country is traditionally divided into several major geographically distinct regions: Pampas, Gran Chaco, Mesopotamia, Patagonia, Cuyo, NOA or Northwest.
Major rivers in Argentina include the Pilcomayo, Paraguay, Bermejo, Colorado, Río Negro, Salado, Uruguay and the largest river, the Paraná.
There are several large lakes in Argentina, many of them in Patagonia. Among these are lakes Argentino and Viedma in Santa Cruz, Nahuel Huapi in Río Negro and Fagnano in Tierra del Fuego, and Colhué Huapi and Musters in Chubut.

Argentina has 4,665 kilometers (2,899 mi) of coastline.Because of longitudinal and elevation amplitudes, Argentina is subject to a variety of climates.
The hottest and coldest temperature extremes recorded in South America have occurred in Argentina.